into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). Detainees Ability to Challenge Lawfulness of Detention before a Court: The Code of Criminal Procedure grants the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention. by | May 25, 2022 | camden county ga school schedule | cindy deangelis grossman pictures | May 25, 2022 | 1958-03-17: Sada department created by taking parts of Oran, Saoura, and Tiaret departments. Internet users regularly exercised their right to free expression and association online, including through online forums, social media, and email. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. El Watanreported that almost 10 percent of ballots cast were invalid. Media reporting and public opinion viewed the absence of charges against the most senior of government officials as an indication of impunity for government officials. In May a court sentenced him to 10 years in prison. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment, salary, and work environment based on age, gender, social and marital status, family links, political conviction, disability, national origin and affiliation with a union. Prosecutors may apply to a judge to extend the period before arrested individuals can have access to an attorney. Financial Disclosure: The law stipulates that all elected government officials and those appointed by presidential decree must declare their assets the month they commence their jobs, if there is substantial change in their wealth while they are in office, and at the end of their term. According to NADA, while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, instances of child abuse and exploitation have increased. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, Constantine, and Oran, after their capitals. )$471.223 billion (2020 est. As time went by, the These presidential appointments are not subject to legislative oversight but are reviewed by the High Judicial Council, which consists of the president, minister of justice, chief prosecutor of the Supreme Court, 10 judges, and six individuals outside the judiciary chosen by the president. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. The facilities were located in Sidi Fredj. The May 2017 elections for the lower chamber of parliament did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. The government generally cooperated with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, and other persons of concern. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. Other migrants, asylum seekers, and Malians and Syrians who had a special status with the government, relied largely on remittances from family, the support of local family and acquaintances, and assistance from the Algerian Red Crescent and international aid organizations. 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of Since 2014, Algerias reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices. Postal codes: Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons: In June the Associated Press (AP) reported that the government had forced an estimated 13,000 migrants over the previous 14 months to walk from Guezzam, Algeria, to Assamakka, Niger as part of the repatriation process. The Wassila Network described situations in which a victim went to police to report a domestic violence incident and family members convince the victim to forgive the aggressor, resulting in no charges to the aggressor. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. The constitution provides for the right of peaceful assembly, but the government continued to curtail this right. Religious and civil society leaders reported that the Jewish community faced unofficial, religion-based obstacles to government employment and administrative difficulties when working with government bureaucracy. They also report that owners of public gathering spaces have been told not to rent their locations to certain NGOs. U.S. exports to Algeria totaled $1.2 billion in 2005, an increase of more than 50% since 2003. )$5.666 billion (2018 est. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algerias foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum. Official websites use .gov. Other organizations reported they never received any written response to their application request even after calling the ministry and trying to register at local police stations. )other: 81.8% (2018 est. Impunity for police and security officials remained a problem, but the government provided information on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing. )$38.551 billion (2019 est. The Ministry of Religious Affairs required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct religious marriage ceremonies. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. )1% (2019 est. Half of the lunch hour is considered compensated working time. civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. were ill-defined. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 633,500 bbl/day (2018 est. Many organizations reported that they never received a deposit slip and that even with the receipt; it was difficult to conduct necessary administrative tasks without formal accreditation. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women reported that it ran 238 centers throughout the country that provided support for persons with intellectual, auditory, vision, and physical disabilitiesdown from 242 the previous year. wilaya). Women suffered from discrimination in inheritance claims and were entitled to a smaller portion of an estate than male children or a deceased husbands brothers. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), total: 31.9%male: 27.8%female: 54% (2021 est. The law does not extend antidiscrimination protections to LGBTI persons based on of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics. )20.4% of GDP (2016 est. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. Administration: Authorities conducted investigations into allegations of mistreatment and took administrative actions against officers it deemed to have committed abuses. There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. ), total subscriptions: 45,555,673 (2020 est. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. The law provides for collective bargaining by all unions, and the government permitted the exercise of this right for authorized unions. The United Nations or Other International Bodies: The government extended an invitation to the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances in 2014 and again in 2015, but no visit occurred. Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. Arabic al-Jazairiya from capital city Algiers, which comes from Arabic al-jaza`ir: the islands, for four The law stipulates a prison sentence of between 10 and 20 years for rape when the victim is a minor. Other refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants had access to free public hospitals, but independent NGOs reported instances of migrants turned away. On 2014-10-29, ISO 3166-2 made the same spelling change. Otherwise, the judicial police appoint a doctor. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review. The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. Do not travel to: Areas near the eastern and southern borders due to terrorism and kidnapping. The provinces later became divisions. ), production: 87,853,976,000 cubic meters (2019 est. LGBTI persons faced discrimination in accessing health services. During the year the DGSN conducted nine training sessions on human rights, including for all new cadets. On July 13, the Ministry of Justice removed a public prosecutor and his deputy from a court in Boudouaou for their alleged involvement in the legal proceedings following the discovery of 701 kilograms of cocaine in the port of Oran on May 29. During the year, the CNDH organized seminars and workshops on topics such as penitentiary reform and trafficking in persons. The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. The government continued to deny recognition to the General Autonomous Confederation of Workers in Algeria (CGATA), an independent trade union confederation that includes public and economic sector unions and committees. )consumption: 46,945,035,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Opposition party leaders complained that the government did not provide timely authorizations to hold rallies or party congresses. The United States recognized Algeria on July 3, 1962, when President John Kennedy issued a congratulatory message to the Algerian people upon their independence from France. Algeria had opted for independence in a referendum on July 1, 1962 , and France recognized Algeria as an independent state on July 3, 1962. Consular Presence ), total: 19.72 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 21.77 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 17.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza The population of the province, which has an area of 1,102 square kilometers, is 1,002,937 according to 2008 data. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 legislative elections led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. If organizations fail to provide required information to the government or attempt to operate with or accept foreign funds without authorization, they are subject to fines between DZD 2,000 and DZD 5,000 ($17 and $43) and up to six months imprisonment. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. New FIPS It is the tenth largest country in the world and largest in Africa with an area coverage of approximately 919,595 square miles. Algeria since December 18, 2019, is divided into 58 wilayas ().Prior to December 18, 2019, there were 48 provinces. The 58 provinces are divided into 1541 baladiyahs (municipalities).The capital city of a baladiyah, dara, or province, always gives those entities their name, even Algiers, the capital of the country gave it its name (El Djazayar, the Arabic name for both the city and the country). Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. ICRC staff visited prisons, and police and gendarme stations under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, and an administrative detention center operated by the Ministry of Interior. Exercise increased caution in Algeria due to terrorism and kidnapping. It was unclear whether authorities followed the law in all cases since local authorities had significant discretion and the government did not maintain nationwide statistics. According to the decree, importers must submit to the ministry the title, authors name, editors name, edition, year, International Standard Book Number, and number of copies to be imported. Under French Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. The Sahrawi refugees had not sought local integration or naturalization during their 40-year stay in the refugee camps near Tindouf, and the Polisario Front continued to call for a referendum on independence in Western Sahara. The country joined the Human Rights Council in 2014 but continued to deny requests for visits from the UN special rapporteurs on extrajudicial executions (pending since 1998) and counterterrorism and human rights (pending since 2006), the UN Working Group on arbitrary detention (pending since 2009), and the UN Security Council Mali Panel of Experts on Sanctions (since 2016). The ministry maintained that organizations that were refused accreditation or that did not receive a response within the specified time period could appeal to the State Council, the administrative court responsible for cases involving the government. Algeria is the United States' 3rd-largest market in the Middle East/North African region. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. The government supported the countrys Network for the Defense of Childrens Rights (NADA). The departments were subdivided The majority of the ministrys programs for children with disabilities remained in social centers for children with disabilities rather than in formal educational institutions. Algeria became independent in 1962. Employment: The government does not formally allow refugee employment; however, many worked in the informal market and were at risk of labor exploitation due to their lack of legal status in the country. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: b. Aumale (department no. In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activist. According to the law, political parties may not receive direct or indirect financial or material support from any foreign parties. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. Algeria Telephone: (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency after-hours telephone: (213) 770-08-2200 Fax: 0770-08-2299 Email: ACSAlgiers@state.gov. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. Arabic: al-Jumhuriya al-Jazairiya ad-Dimuqratiya ash-Shabiya (formal), Dutch: Algerije, Democratische Volksrepubliek Algerije (formal), English: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria (formal), Norwegian: Den demokratiske folkerepublikk Algerie (formal) (Bokml), Den demokratiske folkerepublikken Algerie (formal) (Nynorsk), Algerie, Russian: , (formal), Turkish: Cezayir Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (formal), Bchar: after Wadi Bashshar, possibly from Arabic, Bjaa: ethnic name, possibly from Arabic, Constantine: rebuilt in 311 by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, El Oued: = the Wadi (intermittent stream), Stif: ancient Sitifi, possibly from Berber. )beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The law permits polygamy only upon the agreement of the previous and future wife, and the determination of a judge as to the husbands financial ability to support an additional wife. Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. 1902, because of border adjustments in desert areas. The government devoted increasing resources and attention to it. [4] The American Oxford Atlas. According to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African countries. Several hundred international election observers from the United Nations, Arab League, African Union, and Organization of Islamic Cooperation monitored voting. President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. Algeria, officially known as the Peoples Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign North Africa nation along the Mediterranean coast. Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Police arrested and interrogated some of the demonstrators and released them after about an hour. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11, showed the new provinces. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. The law provides that foreigners may be required to furnish bail as a condition of release on provisional liberty status, while Algerian citizens may be released on provisional liberty without posting bail. The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. Algeria, the second-largest state in Africa, has a Mediterranean coastline of about 998 kilometers (620 mi.). )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 990,299 tons (2013 est. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. Journalists from independent print and broadcast media expressed frustration over the difficulty of receiving information from public officials. Section II. 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