Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember Eleanor Henry. She had inherited her fathers enormous estates in her teens on his death in 1137 and her first husband, Louis VII of France, had been quite unable to stand up to her. If she is reading at all, and not still observing and listening. On Saturday, 11 June 1183, the young king realized he was dying and was overcome with remorse for his sins. I wonder whether Eleanor took a hit for the team, tacitly accepting punishment as a ringleader because that allowed their sons to be reconciled to their father quickly: it wasnt their fault, it was their mothers influence. She stayed for two months at the Castilian court, then late in March journeyed with granddaughter Blanche back across the Pyrenees. In 1193, she would tell Pope Celestine III that she was tortured by his memory. Her interest in their second son, Richard, was probably less to do with selecting a favourite child than with his having been conceived in Aquitaine and positioned to be its next duke. [9] Eleanor rode to Westminster and received the oaths of fealty from many lords and prelates on behalf of the king. Henry was nineteen years old, bull-necked, stocky and . He records some twenty-one cases, the most famous of them being a problem posed to the women about whether true love can exist in marriage. The marriage was annulled in March 1152 on grounds of consanguinity. Eleanor died in 1204 and was entombed in Fontevraud Abbey next to her husband Henry and her son Richard. His goal throughout his reign was to recover and restore all of the rights held by his grandfather Henry I, and he would pursue these ferociously and doggedly. This resulted in the army becoming separated, with some having already crossed the summit and others still approaching it. As soon as the annulment was granted, Eleanor became engaged to her third cousin Henry, Duke of Normandy. "[19], Official blame for the disaster was placed on Geoffrey de Rancon, who had made the decision to continue, and it was suggested that he be hanged, a suggestion which the king ignored. At this point, Eleanor was 49 - already deemed an elderly woman. A bitter feud arose between the king and Thomas Becket, initially his chancellor and closest adviser and later the archbishop of Canterbury. [9][13][14] Louis donated the vase to the Basilica of St Denis. [4] The marriage was annulled on 21 March 1152 on the grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree. Historian John Speed, in his 1611 work History of Great Britain, mentions the possibility that Eleanor had a son named Philip, who died young. They were in high spirits on Christmas Eve, when they chose to camp in a lush valley near Ephesus. Eleanor of the House of Poitiers was born somewhere between 1122 and 1124, the daughter of William X, Duke of Aquitaine and Aenor de Chatellerault. Ms. S. Berry, senior archivist at the Somerset Archive and Record Service, identified this "archdeacon of Wells" as Thomas of Earley, noting his family ties to Henry II and the Earleys' philanthropies. Hugues de Toucy, archbishop of Sens, presided, and Louis and Eleanor were both present, as were the archbishop of Bordeaux and Rouen. She left for the Second Crusade from Vzelay, the rumoured location of Mary Magdalene's grave, in June 1147. Breakdown. When she was around 30, Bernard de Ventadour, a noted troubadour, called her "gracious, lovely, the embodiment of charm", extolling her "lovely eyes and noble countenance" and declaring that she was "one meet to crown the state of any king". 1556332. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. What happened next tells us a great deal about Henry, and about King Stephen, and probably helped bring about the end of The Anarchy. Theobald had also offended Louis by siding with the Pope in the dispute over Bourges. He and Eleanor were anointed and crowned king and queen of France on Christmas Day of the same year. It was rumoured that the bride and groom had anticipated the ceremony and there was also a story that she had known the grooms late father, Geoffrey of Anjou, considerably better than she should have done. After King Henry's death Eleanor lived on for many years, even ruling England as Queen Dowager while her son Richard the Lionheart was on crusade. The annulment gave Eleanor back Aquitaine and Poitou, which she took with her eight weeks later to Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, to whom, incidentally, she was just as closely related as she had been to Louis. Horrified, and desiring an end to the war, Louis attempted to make peace with Theobald in exchange for his support in lifting the interdict on Raoul and Petronilla. In addition, she had been corresponding with her uncle Raymond, Prince of Antioch, who was seeking further protection from the French crown against the Saracens. The best result we found for your search is Eleanor G Henry age 60s in Phenix City, AL. Eleanor became queen of France, a title she held for the next 15 years. [16] She may not have been anointed on this occasion, however, because she had already been anointed in 1137. I position this move not as a mark of a cooling in their relationship, which had never required constant physical proximity, but as a reward. The vanguard, with which Queen Eleanor marched, was commanded by her Aquitainian vassal, Geoffrey de Rancon. In December 1154, Henry and Eleanor arrived in England for their joint coronation. Purchase Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine: Founding of an Empire at bookshop.org or bookdepository.com. In 1141, the Archbishopric of Bourges became vacant, and the king put forward as a candidate one of his chancellors, Cadurc, while vetoing the one suitable candidate, Pierre de la Chatre, who was promptly elected by the canons of Bourges and consecrated by the Pope. This was the beginning of a period of greater freedom for the still-supervised Eleanor. [23] Thus was conceived their second childnot a son, but another daughter, Alix of France. In the ensuing Battle of Mount Cadmus, the Turks, who had been following and feinting for many days, seized their opportunity and attacked those who had not yet crossed the summit. I know what you might be thinking. If that was the case, it was a poor return for her efforts when their sons continued to betray their father, even to his death in 1189. If it had created a well of goodwill, it was to help settle the disputed succession in Henrys favour. However, Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged. The notion that she had another half-brother, William, has been discredited. Corrections? Like so many other facets of their story, I dont think the traditional story paints the full picture. In the 1968 film The Lion in Winter, Eleanor is played by Katharine Hepburn, who won the third of her four Academy Awards for Best Actress for her portrayal, and Henry again is portrayed by O'Toole. As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title, William dictated a will on the very day he died that bequeathed his domains to Eleanor and appointed King Louis VI of France as her guardian. Eleanor of Aquitaine was born about 1122, the daughter and heiress of William X, duke of Aquitaine and count of Poitiers. I found that period fascinating (and given my interest in the Wars of the Roses I was worried that civil wars fascinated me so much). He was interred at the feet of the tomb of his great-grandfather, Henry I, in Westminster Abbey. When their third son Geoffrey also dies, Henry seems to want to spend time with Eleanor. John instructed his mother to travel to Castile to select one of the princesses. Many men, horses, and much of the baggage were cast into the canyon below. JACKSON, Miss. She was not aided by memories of Constance of Arles, the Provenal wife of Robert II, tales of whose immodest dress and language were still told with horror. The daughters were Matilda, who married Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria; Eleanor, who married Alfonso VIII, king of Castile; and Joan, who married successively William II, king of Sicily, and Raymond VI, count of Toulouse. Eleanor is the subject of A Proud Taste for Scarlet and Miniver, a children's novel by E. L. Konigsburg. Eleanor Henry was born in 1685, in Calvert, Maryland, United States as the daughter of John Henry. Eleanor was, I think, always preoccupied with Aquitaine. Eleanor played a key role in raising the ransom demanded from England by HenryVI and in the negotiations with the Holy Roman Emperor that eventually secured Richard's release. He reportedly "nimbly and bravely scaled a rock by making use of some tree roots which God had provided for his safety" and managed to survive the attack. She preferred him to her grandson Arthur, Duke of Brittany because the latter had been raised under French wings, out of her control. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. As they ascended the mountains, however, the army and the king and queen were horrified to discover the unburied corpses of the Germans killed earlier. Since Eleanor, 11 years her husbands senior, had long resented his infidelities, the revolt may have been instigated by her; in any case, she gave her sons considerable military support. She became duchess upon her father's death in April 1137, and three months later she married Louis, son of her guardian King Louis VI of France. She bore him two daughters, went on crusade with him and ordered him about until her infidelities and her failure to produce an heir proved too much. Emma Henry (I) Actress IMDbPro Starmeter See rank Emma Henry is known for The Help (2011). About four miles from Shrewsbury and close by Haughmond Abbey is "Queen Eleanor's Bower", the remains of a possible triangular timber castle which is believed to have been one of her prisons. Eleanor Henry has appeared on Broadway in 4 shows. As Eleanor travelled to Poitiers, two lordsTheobald V, Count of Blois, and Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, brother of Henry II, Duke of Normandytried to kidnap and marry her to claim her lands. Continuing in the vein of Sharons routine support of other authors, Ive got a special treat to share. Eleanor supported her uncle's desire to re-capture the nearby County of Edessa, the objective of the Crusade. In part, that is because Henry imprisons his wife for fifteen years. In 1202 John was again in her debt for holding Mirebeau against Arthur, until John, coming to her relief, was able to take him prisoner. The king, having scorned royal apparel in favour of a simple pilgrim's tunic, escaped notice, unlike his bodyguards, whose skulls were brutally smashed and limbs severed. It feels like something we could do with more of today. [9] Even in an era when ladies of the nobility were excessively praised, their praise of her was undoubtedly sincere. Instead, he attempted to reconcile Eleanor and Louis, confirming the legality of their marriage. Any prolonged dispute between Henry and his sons played into the French kings hands and was a dynastic risk to all that Henry and Eleanor had built. I suspect she felt her duty to protect the duchy even more keenly because she was a woman in a world increasingly wary, if not downright fearful, of female rule. Jean Plaidy's novel The Courts of Love, fifth in the 'Queens of England' series, is a fictionalised autobiography of Eleanor of Aquitaine. The revolt failed, and Eleanor was captured while seeking refuge in the kingdom of her first husband, Louis VII. She has been played by Martita Hunt in The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), Jill Esmond in the British TV adventure series The Adventures of Robin Hood (19551960), Phyllis Neilson-Terry in the British TV adventure series Ivanhoe (1958), Yvonne Mitchell in the BBC TV drama series The Legend of Robin Hood (1975), Sin Phillips in the TV series Ivanhoe (1997), and Tusse Silberg in the TV series The New Adventures of Robin Hood (1997). Eleanor had only two daughters by Louis VII, but to her new husband she bore five sons and three daughters. . As soon as they disembarked at Southampton, Eleanor was taken either to Winchester Castle or Sarum Castle and held there. Henry II was elsewhere, attending to his own affairs after escorting Eleanor there. [9] Over the next few years Eleanor often travelled with her husband and was sometimes associated with him in the government of the realm, but still had a custodian so that she was not free. [28], Some scholars believe that the "court of love" probably never existed since the only evidence for it is Andreas Capellanus' book. Although their sons and other rebels were swiftly forgiven and rehabilitated. Eleanor would well have deserved to be named the grandmother of Europe.. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. She was portrayed by Lynda Bellingham in the BBC series Robin Hood. [9] Eleanor came to learn arithmetic, the constellations, and history. Later that year she married and soon became queen of France. Arthur learned of her whereabouts and besieged her in the castle of Mirebeau. Eleanor had been Queen of France, a mother to two daughters, and had been on the Second Crusade to the Holy Land, spending Easter in Jerusalem, before she encountered Henry in Paris. One of Louis's avowed Crusade goals was to journey in pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and he stated his intention to continue. Evidence of the influence she wielded can also be found within the numerous letters she wrote to Pope Celestine III regarding Richard's captivity. Louis's long march to Jerusalem and back north, which Eleanor was forced to join, debilitated his army and disheartened her knights; the divided Crusade armies could not overcome the Muslim forces, and the royal couple had to return home. Upon the death of her husband Henry II on 6 July 1189, Richard I was the undisputed heir. Here they were ambushed by a Turkish detachment, but the French proceeded to slaughter this detachment and appropriate their camp. Eleanor's daughter, Queen Eleanor of Castile, had two remaining unmarried daughters, Urraca and Blanche. The two leaders seemed just as happy to dodge a showdown and met at least once to discuss things as their armies hovered behind them. She had been locked away by her husband since 1173, following her complicit involvement in her sons' rebellions against Henry II. The king had many mistresses, but although he treated earlier liaisons discreetly, he flaunted Rosamund. Henry and Eleanor are the main characters in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, which was made into a film in 1968 starring Peter O'Toole as Henry and Katharine Hepburn in the role of Eleanor, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress Motion Picture Drama. In the cost Henry incurred on her care, and her placement at one of her favourite castles at Old Sarum, there is little trace of the vindictive, wronged husband. When she was young, she was described as perpulchramore than beautiful. Her contribution to England extended beyond her own lifetime; after the loss of Normandy (1204), it was her own ancestral lands and not the old Norman territories that remained loyal to England. The Pope, recalling similar attempts by William X to exile supporters of Innocent from Poitou and replace them with priests loyal to himself, blamed Eleanor, saying that Louis was only a child and should be taught manners. [Berman 228.][why?]) He was terrified at what looked like an empire the match created on his doorstep. The king was madly in love with his beautiful and worldly bride, however, and granted her every whim, even though her behaviour baffled and vexed him. Although they escaped this attempt unharmed, stormy weather drove Eleanor's ship far to the south to the Barbary Coast and caused her to lose track of her husband. Attempts were made to claim Toulouse, the rightful inheritance of Eleanor's grandmother Philippa of Toulouse, but they ended in failure. The duke also insisted to his companions that his death be kept a secret until Louis was informed; the men were to journey from Saint James of Compostela across the Pyrenees as quickly as possible to call at Bordeaux to notify the archbishop, then to make all speed to Paris to inform the king. Her letter dated 1193, presents her strong expressions of personal suffering as a result of Richard's captivity and informs the Pope that in her grief she is "wasted away by sorrow".[35]. When Patrick was killed in a skirmish, Eleanor, who proceeded to ransom his captured nephew, the young William Marshal, was left in control of her lands. Eleanor was again unwell in early 1201. According to feudal customs, Eleanor then regained possession of Aquitaine, and two months later she married the grandson of Henry I of England, Henry Plantagenet, count of Anjou and duke of Normandy. Louis soon came into violent conflict with Pope Innocent II. This, and her known age of 82 at her death make 1122 the most likely year of her birth. However, this rumour may have been a ruse, as Raymond, through Eleanor, had been trying to induce Louis to use his army to attack the actual Muslim encampment at nearby Aleppo, gateway to retaking Edessa, which had all along, by papal decree, been the main objective of the Crusade. She is survived by her husband of over 76 years Chester, three . After their return to France and a short-lived reconciliation, their marriage was annulled in March 1152. The revolt of her sons against her husband in 1173 put her cultural activities to a brutal end. Eleanor then returned to Fontevraud where she took the veil as a nun. The Lion in Winter will be directed by Tom Hollis. It may have been largely to teach manners, something the French courts would be known for in later generations. Louis and later his son Philip II consistently tried to drive a wedge between Henry and his sons to disrupt the vast territories they saw as a challenge to Capetian authority. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Henry did not stop her; on the contrary, he and his army personally escorted her there before attacking a castle belonging to the rebellious Lusignan family. [36] However, during the French Revolution the abbey of Fontevraud was sacked and the tombs were disturbed and vandalised consequently the bones of Eleanor, Henry, Richard, Joanna and Isabella of Angoulme were exhumed and scattered, never to be recovered. He was the future of the place that meant the most to her. [26] Over the next 13 years, she bore Henry five sons and three daughters: William, Henry, Richard, Geoffrey, John, Matilda, Eleanor, and Joan. Norah Lofts wrote a fictionalized biography of her, entitled in various editions Queen in Waiting or Eleanor the Queen, and including some romanticized episodesstarting off with the young Eleanor planning to elope with a young knight, who is killed out of hand by her guardian, in order to facilitate her marriage to the King's son. Although Eleanor held no formal office in England during this period, she arrived in England in the company of Coutances in June 1191, and for the remainder of Richard's absence, she exercised a considerable degree of influence over the affairs of England as well as the conduct of Prince John. When Eleanor died in 1204 at the age of 80, she elected to be buried where she had spent her final years, at Fontevraud Abbey. Omissions? Eleanor appears to have taken an ambivalent attitude towards these affairs. In a matter of weeks, peace had returned to France: Theobald's provinces were returned and Pierre de la Chatre was installed as archbishop of Bourges. [7] Her parents almost certainly married in 1121. Top 3 Results for Eleanor Henry in PA. 1. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Eugene did not, as Eleanor had hoped, grant an annulment. Her fatherWilliam X,. Contemporary sources praise Eleanor's beauty. [29], There is no claim that Eleanor invented courtly love, for it was a concept that had begun to grow before Eleanor's court arose. Perhaps you're a fan of the new dramatic TV series, 'The Royals,' about a fictional British royal family who face struggles like the death of the heir to the throne, conniving children and assorted romances. His eldest surviving son, Louis, had originally been destined for monastic life, but had become the heir apparent when the firstborn, Philip, died in a riding accident in 1131.[13]. Five-year-old twins Emma and Ella Henry, of Madison, who played Mae Mobley in "The Help," watched the film for the first time on Sunday. During the period from Henry's accession to the birth of Eleanor's youngest son John, affairs in the kingdom were turbulent: Aquitaine, as was the norm, defied the authority of Henry as Eleanor's husband and answered only to their duchess. Of all her influence on culture, Eleanor's time in Poitiers between 1168 and 1173 was perhaps the most critical, yet very little is known about it. Sometime between the end of March and the beginning of May, Eleanor left Poitiers, but was arrested and sent to the king at Rouen. He arrives near the end in earnest but has a couple of fascinating cameos earlier on. Ive asked author and historian Matthew Lewis to be a guest today. He proclaimed that no word could be spoken against it, and that it might not be dissolved under any pretext. Copyright 1998 - 2023 Sharon Kay Penman. Although Henry and Eleanor were, in many ways, the original European power couple, telling their story presents unique problems. Matt Lewis is an author and historian of the middle ages. Accordingly, by mid-afternoon, the rear of the columnbelieving the day's march to be nearly at an endwas dawdling. Since Geoffrey was Eleanor's vassal, many believed that it was she who had been ultimately responsible for the change in plan, and thus the massacre. Although the figures are intended as Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry II of England, and William Marshall, the story is an entire invention. More than a thousand people who sought refuge in the church there died in the flames. In December, Eleanor gathered her movable possessions in England and transported them on several ships to Argentan. The Crusade itself achieved little. Her four-year-old brother William Aigret and their mother died at the castle of Talmont on Aquitaine's Atlantic coast in the spring of 1130. It became Elanor in the langues d'ol of northern France and Eleanor in English. Eleanor was related to Henry even more closely than she had been to Louis: they were cousins to the third degree through their common ancestor Ermengarde of Anjou, wife of Robert I, Duke of Burgundy and Geoffrey, Count of Gtinais, and they were also descended from King Robert II of France. Eleanor of Aquitaine is thought to be the queen of England mentioned in the poem "Were diu werlt alle min," used as the tenth movement of Carl Orff's famous cantata, Carmina Burana.[42]. See more characters from William Shakespeare. The problem was that this made them a threat to many, most notably the King of France. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Continue with Recommended Cookies. "[32] One source claimed that the queen sent her younger sons to France "to join with him against their father the king. Louis and Eleanor stayed in the Philopation palace just outside the city walls. She had her tomb placed abreast that she had commissioned for her husband, Henry, suggesting again a fondness that undermines the view of their relationship as fractious and difficult. As queen dowager, Eleanor acted as regent while Richard went on the Third Crusade. Although he had been invested as such on 8 August 1137, a messenger gave him the news that Louis VI had died of dysentery on 1 August while he and Eleanor were making a tour of the provinces. Eleanor Henry VI Part 2. . Most recently, she was portrayed by Eileen Atkins in Robin Hood (2010). In her attendance at celebrations where their sons were present, there seems little fear on Henrys part that she might try again to incite an uprising. 2. The exhausted Eleanor went to Fontevraud, where she remained. 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