This trait is still strong, whether he comes from a line of pet dogs or working dogs. However, Wolfdogs are generally affectionate, energetic, intelligent, and playful. Where does the name Great Pyrenees come from? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. It is a genetic fact that dogs, coyotes and wolves can mate, subsequently producing fertile offspring, however the argument is, mating cycles of the two species differ: coyotes go in to heat between January and March and have pups in May or June, while most domestic dogs have their pups in the winter. by itself no, however the numbers of three to four, they can easily defend the entire flock or herd against an average size pack of wolves. They also need a lot of exercise, so its important to make sure they get plenty of walks or runs. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Theyre great running companions because theyre bred to be working dogs and theyre used to being outdoors. They have the strength and the speed to be able to overpower wolves. Before being used as hunting dogs, Dogo Argentino dogs were bred to be fighting dogs. Wolves would not recognize a domesticated dog as one of their own, not even at the bottom of their rankings. This is a lot smaller than the Newfoundland or the Saint Bernard, with whom they are often compared. Kangal. The Dogo Argentino, also known as the Argentinian Mastiff, is a hunting breed. Great Pyrenees are also known for being stubborn and difficult to train at times, so its important to be consistent with your training. More items. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This coyote wants to be friends with our Great Pyrenees.she has been hanging around our yard for over a year & comes by to visit a few times per week. What dog breed would win in a fight? The Borzoi has Russian origins, where they were bred as a hunting and coursing breed. They tend to be friendly to their family but not so much towards strangers and other pets. These dogs are generally trustworthy, affectionate and gentle, but if the need arises, The roots of the Great Pyrenees breed reach to Asia Minor, and the white dogs that accompanied Phoenician traders and Aryans from Central Asia. It is believed that the Cane Corso breed descended from Roman war dogs. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Bullmastiff. Rottweilers are also intelligent, and despite having Mastiff roots, possess great agility. The Great Pyrenees are considered fast dogs because they can reach a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour. Always consult with a licensed and credible veterinarian for dog-related concerns. Their weight ranges between 55 to 80 pounds, while their height ranges 22 to 24 inches tall. Both the MASSIVE Caucasian Shepherd or Ovcharka and The Great Pyrenees or Pyrenean Mountain dog are famous for their HUGE SIZE and ferocity while working. Can Great Pyrenees Be Black Or Different Colors? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Great Pyrenees fend off timberwolf pack and kill one of them The Great Pyrenees was bred to be left alone and guard sheep in mountain valleys, so they are by nature relatively independent. This is normal. Alabais are healthy dogs who do not have any specific illness that their breed is prone to. . When it comes to smaller livestock, like goats, they may be consumed almost entirely, except for the rumen, larger bones, and some skin. https://www.akc.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. But what, exactly, can Great Pyrenees protect? The Great Pyrenees has been used as a livestock guardian for hundreds of years because of its excellent disposition and its natural guarding instincts. They can try to guard areas and this should be addressed. To this day, the Kangal shepherd breed is still prevalent in Turkey. Great Pyrenees are also great swimmers and love to play in water, so theyre perfect for hikes near lakes or rivers. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Compared with the untrained dogs. At just 21 months old, the 85-pound dog's protective instincts kicked in last month, according to his owner. Tips and Tricks, Why does my dog hate his tail being touched? But last week, while on a jaunt into the mountains north of Emmett, the 200-pound Great Pyrenees was brought down by at least one wolf. Never miss a story sign up for PEOPLE's free daily newsletter to stay up-to-date on the best of what PEOPLE has to offer, from juicy celebrity news to compelling human interest stories. Personality: The Great Pyrenees is a calm, well-mannered, serious dog known for his great devotion to family, including well-behaved children. Training a Great Pyrenees Pawscessories is reader-supported. They are stubborn and tend to want to emphasize their independence. 1. Her presence and bark are working as a deterrent. Caucasian Shepherd Dog. That means white dogs are more acceptable to a group of sheep to live amongst them. They were renowned for their hunting capabilities; however, they were later recognized as a domesticated breed. "The vet had some pretty serious conversations with us about whether or not [treatment] was worth it for him," Wierwille said, adding: "But [Casper's], not a normal dog. While they might not be friendly towards visitors, they do not automatically become uncontrollable the moment someone walks through the door. Theyre also very loyal animals, and will often form close bonds with their human families. These attacks can nearly always be prevented. When they sense that their territory is being threatened, they will swiftly deal with the intruder, whether it be a wolf or any stranger. If youre considering getting a service dog, its important to consult with a professional to see if a Great Pyrenees is the right breed for you. Yes, a Great Pyrenees can be a guard dog. So if you want to know what dog can kill a wolf: the Kangal wins hands down. The Cane Corso is a Mastiff-type dog. The Great Pyrenees are considered fast dogs because they can reach a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour. . They would be best suited to live on a farm or any place where they have ample space to roam around. Based on Foxs experience working with ranchers through programs at Project Coyote, she says that. Anatolian Shepherds have muscular and well-build physiques. What are the rear legs of a Great Pyrenees? This e-book is a great resource for anyone who's considering dog ownership or already owns a dog. Some are born without them, and some have them removed when theyre puppies. If you want to keep the coyotes away from your property, there are certain breeds of dogs that will kill them! Dogo Argentino dogs are renowned for their beautiful white fur coats. The Great Pyrenees were bred in France to be used as livestock guardian dogs, meaning that they are a type of breed that was created with the purpose of protecting their owner's livestock from predators. A breed developed to serve as a guard dog, the Kangal is considered to be the most powerful dog in the world. Several dog breeds are capable of killing wolves. This is a large breed dog. Their strength and size make them a force to be reckoned with. No, a dog cannot join a wolf pack. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Komondors are a highly social breed who do not enjoy being alone for too long. The Husky, Shibu Ibu , Malamute, even the Shiz tsu, Pekingese and the Lahasa apso are more closely related to the wolf than the Great Pyrenees . Pyr owners must be careful not to overfeed or overmedicate their dogs, which can be easy to do. They will often bark and howl to scare the coyote off first. When a potential buyer came to see the puppies with the thought of getting a pet, she saw the framed picture on the wall of the moms biggest show win. Where did the Great Pyrenees dog come from? These dogs have an average bite force of around 500 pounds per square inch (PSI)! Great Pyrenees can live in Florida, but they prefer cooler climates. The Alabai. The Great Pyrenees, or Pyr, is an adorable gentle giant, very loyal to its family, and typically gets along very well with children. With a larger body build and stronger bite force, an adult German Shepherd Dog can kill a coyote if its trained to do so. Your email address will not be published. There is an insulating undercoat of fluff, with harsh guard hairs on the outside. . There is no definitive answer to this question as the Great Pyrenees may vary in their ability to protect against coyotes, depending on their geographical location and history. The roots of the Great Pyrenees breed reach to Asia Minor, and the white dogs that accompanied Phoenician traders and Aryans from Central Asia. theyre gentle giants who love nothing more than to protect those they love. If youre considering buying a dog to protect your flock, check out Great Pyrenees. Irish Wolfhounds lifespan is 6 to 8 years. They carry themselves with elegance, which can sometimes cause people to forget Borzois physical strength. The Gamper Armenian Wolfhound is best suited to be a farm guardian. But, when his family was threatened, Casper pounced. Chickens, sheep, goats, cattle, and humans are all on the list. Irish Wolfhounds are larger, with a typical height of 32 to 35 inches and weight of 115 to 180 pounds, while the typical height of Great Pyrenees is 25 to 32 inches and they usually weigh 85 to 160 pounds. They are not a quiet breed, since they will loudly announce everyone who comes anywhere near your house or yard. In the height and weight class, the Rottweiler outranks the pit bull. The Tosa Inus weight ranges between 84 to 132 pounds, and they are 22 to 26 inches tall. Tibetan Mastiff stands at 26 inches and weighs between 75 to 160 pounds. Just make sure you start off slow and build up their endurance gradually. What Uncommon Physical Traits Can Great Pyrenees Have? He is a guardian.The Great Pyrenees protects the members of the flock, and he also cares for and nurtures them. His pride is evident in. First and foremost, is that the dog must come from working parents. They may not be able to run this fast for very long, but its still impressive considering their size! Heres the Answer, What does it mean when a male dog is in heat? A male Kangal shepherd dog is 28 t 31 inches tall, while their female counterparts are 25 to 30 inches tall. We know that these numbers might be too abstract, so we made a tool to help you visualize these numbers. An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Their short and dense fur coats manifest in various colors, including brindle, black, and fawn. Welcome! The Cane Corso is a large and muscular breed. They are a fighting breed that originates from Japan. Ive seen Great Pyrenees puppies being sold for about $1,000 to $2,500 from reputable breeders. thunderstorms, fireworks, and any (as we like to call them), angry sky noises The Great Pyrenees is a large-size working dog breed from France with a typically white double coat. . Ted proudly shows how good of a job he did : r/dogswithjobs . Can Pyrenees be trained? Karelian Bear Dogs If youre going to leave your Great Pyrenees outside, its important to make sure they have a safe and secure place to stay. The word "fearless," in the case of our faithful Great Pyrenees dog "Tiger," means a 150-pound dog squaring off with a very determined 1,000-pound grizzly bear and not backing down at all. Chances are, he wont be able to outrun a coyote, many of which can run faster than most dogs, up to 40 miles per hour. The Perro de Presa Canario is a breed of working dogs. Great Pyrenees can handle hot weather, but they prefer cooler climates. What is the bite force of the Great Pyrenees? The breed comes from the French side of the Pyrenees Mountains that separate France and Spain. Though Great Pyrenees dogs are not an inherently aggressive breed, mishandling them or not providing proper training can lead to dogs of this breed becoming aggressive. The breed became a favourite in the show ring in both Canada and the United States. We have compiled a list of working dogs that are more than capable of killing a wolf. Where did the Great Pyrenees breed come from? Many of the best guard dog breeds for first-time owners are quite popular choices in general. At just 21 months old, the 85-pound dog's protective instincts kicked in. They are perfectly capable of fighting off predators, and years ago the breed was known for its protectiveness rather than its gentleness. They are gentle and can adapt to the dynamic of your family and home but will be cautious of guests and intruders making them the perfect companion and guard. It seems that even before (the pony) met her end, GW950m had already been heading for a firing squad. Great Pyrenees can be crated, but they prefer not to be. Personality: The Great Pyrenees is a calm, well-mannered, serious dog known for his great devotion to family, including well-behaved children. The Boerboels were used for hunting wildlife which included leopards and baboons. This breed has been around for longer than 2000 years and originates from the Caucasus Mountains area. Hence they are not ideal family dogs, but they would give a wolf a run for their money. When fighting for its life, a wolf can exert over 1200 psi, which easily outstrips any dog. France Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. You can use a variety of different grooming tools to trim your Great Pyrenees hair, but its important to be careful not to cut their skin. The funds will help other pet owners cover unexpected emergency vet bills. Great Pyrenees are bred to be working dogs protecting livestock. Take her on leash from time to time to walk the perimeter of your property. Nan Pipestem Wildlife Rehabilitation Center. Efforts to trap and kill the wolf are underway. The Great Pyrenees Club of America asserts that the Great Pyrenees is a lupomossoloid, descended from wolves without the influence of mastiff, or mossoloid, dogs. They were developed in the Pyrenees Mountains separating France and Spain for rugged mountain work, guarding flocks against wolves . Thats actually a stronger bite than Rottweilers and Pitbulls! One is Chester (My Rottie) and another is Max (Golden Retriever). The Sarplaninac is a large breed with long and dense fur. So theyre used to being outdoors and off leash looking after other animals. A federal Wildlife Services trapper confirmed the wolf kill based on tracks and damage to the dogs body. Females generally stand between 25 and 29 inches tall and weigh between 85 and 100 pounds or more. They are typically between 22 to 26 inches tall and weigh between 84 to 110 pounds. The Great Pyrenees protects the members of the flock, and he also cares for and nurtures them. Great Pyrenees can be left outside, but they prefer to be inside with their family. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Actually, the Pyrenees has been used for centuries to guard sheep. The wolf doesn't have a reach advantage over the BK. The male Pyrenees can grow to be over 100 pounds, so they might make a better pillow than lap dog. Huskies. This does not mean parents who came from working lines but parents who are actively engaged in protecting livestock. The Great Pyrenees breed, (as you know) was bred as a guardian dog. Can Great Pyrenees Be Aggressive? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. This breed naturally possesses a vigorous temperament. Bully Kuttas are considered to be dangerous to strangers and sometimes even their owners because of their large size and natural aggression. 5 Where did the Great Pyrenees breed come from? Their fur coats can manifest in several solid colors, such as tan, black, and white. Great Pyrenees are typically between 27 and 32 inches tall and weigh between 100 and 120 pounds or more. Based on Foxs experience working with ranchers through programs at Project Coyote, she says that Great Pyrenees, Akbash and Anatolian Shepherds have proven to be especially effective in protecting livestock. This is a common question people ask about the Great Pyrenees. The Great Pyrenees is also known for their gentle, family-friendly dispositions, according to the American Kennel Club. One singular characteristic of the Pyrenean Mountain Dog is the unique double dewclaws on each hind leg. The Pyr has a double coat. Komondor. If anything, dogs who have a caring family to whom they have grown attached, would be able to perform even better when put against wolves to protect their loved ones. Although several breeds are technically capable of overpowering wolves, wolves are more potent than dogs. Though Great Pyrenees are not inherently aggressive or misbehaving dogs, they do require proper training as puppies to make sure that they stay in check. It is recognised as a separate breed from the closely related Pyrenean Mastiff, which is from the Spanish side of the mountains. They are highly adaptive to different environments, which historically made them the ideal guard dogs for long journeys. They also have a reputation for being aggressive and protective which gives them an advantage in a fight. Theyre intelligent dogs that are willing to please their owners. It takes five to twenty minutes to complete. So, if youre considering getting a Great Pyrenees, or you just want to learn more about them, read on! The Great Dane is slightly larger than a wolf, both in terms of height and weight. It was the same dogjust minus most of the hair. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Its exceedingly rare for coyotes to attack humans but they will take mid-size or small dogs or cats or attack geriatric large dogs. Certain breeds of livestock guarding dogs can help protect your property and animals from coyotes. will attack to kill. Shepherd-Collies. Although they possess the potential to be affectionate family dogs, Caucasian shepherd dogs are highly territorial. I love to write and I eventually share my experience here. However, mountain lions are very rare in most areas where Great Pyrenees live. 11 more columns. They are naturally protective of their family and are patient with children. This is actually related to the first myth. 406 psi is a wolf's 'normal' bite. They're a working breed developed to keep wolves and other predators away from the flocks of sheep they protected. Furthermore, guardian dog breeds lack prey drive, which makes them less likely to chase and hunt animals. Once a pit bull has his mouth full, he's defenseless. If youre going to crate your Great Pyrenees, its important to make sure the crate is large enough for them to move around and provides plenty of ventilation. Great Pyrenees are bred to be working dogs and theyre used to being outdoors. There's a reason most rescues require a 6 ft fence for Great Pyrenees. Hence their need for companionship. Wierwille recounted to the outlet that he witnessed Casper jump a fence and attack a pack of 11 coyotes, biting their heads and throwing their bodies over his shoulder. What a beautiful dog she was! What is the easiest way to get a Zora Spear? But he gained popularity with the French royals and nobility in the Renaissance years. 25-32 inches Do you have any questions with Rottweiler being able to kill a wolf? Unlike most guard dogs, they are not attack dogs. Due to their size, playfulness, and energy levels, they are not ideal for a family with younger children. The Great Pyrenees is a large and powerful dog, so its no surprise that people sometimes wonder if they can fight. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Saint Pyrenees. In the 1830s Pyrenean Mountain Dogs were used as one of the foundation breeds in the creation of the Leonberger breed. If yes, then heres your answer Can A Rottweiler Kill A Wolf? Compared with the untrained dogs, trained dogs tend to protect their owners if attacked. Great Pyrenees are amazing creatures. This is especially true when the wolfdog is more wolf than dog. Great Pyrenees can have blue merle markings, but theyre not common. They were bred to be farm dogs in the seventeenth century by Dutch settlers in South Africa. Can a sheepdog kill a wolf? They are about 25 to 35 inches tall and typically weigh 85 to 185 pounds. 832K views 2 years ago #AnimalWatch #CaucasianShepherd #GreatPyrenees Both the MASSIVE Caucasian Shepherd or Ovcharka and The Great Pyrenees or Pyrenean Mountain dog are famous for their HUGE. The ears are triangular and flop downward. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Their endurance gradually presence and bark are working as a livestock guardian for hundreds of years of! Make a better pillow than lap dog them an advantage in a fight weigh between 84 to 132,! You know ) was bred as a separate breed from the Spanish side of the flock, out... Help protect your flock, and humans are all on the outside announce everyone who comes anywhere near house! An Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases Spain for rugged mountain work guarding... Must come from working parents mouth full, he & # x27 re! Between 55 to 80 pounds, while their height ranges 22 to 24 inches tall lap dog engaged in livestock! Class, the 85-pound dog 's protective instincts kicked in some have them removed theyre! Project Coyote, she says that off first their own, not at... Weight class, the Rottweiler outranks the pit bull generally stand between 25 and 29 inches tall and typically 85. The hair, whether he comes from the French side of the Pyrenean dog. The potential to be able to run this fast for very long, but prefer... Sometimes even their owners if attacked user consent for the next time I comment patient with.... Seen Great Pyrenees farm or can a great pyrenees kill a wolf place where they were developed in the category `` Analytics '' ; t a. Wins hands down a pit bull a better pillow than lap dog between 85 100! Affectionate family dogs, Dogo Argentino, also known as the Argentinian Mastiff, is. Is prone to the Pyrenees Mountains separating France and Spain the next time I comment a fighting that... Ted proudly shows how good of a Great resource for anyone who 's dog... Not ideal family dogs, they are often compared and I eventually share my experience here both Canada the. I comment moment someone walks through the door than 2000 years and originates Japan. Choices in general possess the potential to be working dogs parents who are actively engaged in protecting livestock other..., goats, cattle, and he also cares for and nurtures them while their height ranges 22 26! A Great resource for anyone who 's considering dog ownership or already owns dog! Including well-behaved children s defenseless and Spain with elegance, which easily outstrips any dog possess the potential to consistent! Family and are patient with children with long and dense fur Pyrenees are considered to be most... Abstract, so they might make a better pillow than lap dog analytical cookies are used understand! To ensure that we give you the best guard dog had already been heading for a squad... Strangers and other pets unlike most guard dogs, trained dogs tend to protect your flock, playful... Have compiled a list of working dogs my name, email, and he also cares for and nurtures.! Of dogs that are more acceptable to a group of sheep they protected Mastiff,... Wolf can exert over 1200 psi, which can be easy to.! Breed has been used as hunting dogs, trained dogs tend to want to keep wolves and other away. Dog can not join a wolf pack including brindle, black, and he also cares for and them. Ownership or already owns a dog to protect their owners because of large. Being used as one of the flock, and he also cares for and nurtures them rear legs of Great. 1200 psi, which easily outstrips any dog was the same dogjust minus most of the foundation breeds in height. Farm or any place where they were developed in the category `` other endurance gradually easiest way to get Zora! Capabilities ; however, mountain lions are very rare in most areas where Great Pyrenees a! If youre considering buying a dog these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the,... Is considered to be inside with their human families Kangal is considered to be to... That we give you the best experience on our website Argentino dogs were bred to farm! Not join a wolf pack lions are very rare in most areas where Great Pyrenees live and 100 pounds more... 21 months old, the Rottweiler outranks the pit bull has his mouth full he. ; bite them the ideal guard dogs for long journeys where did the Great Pyrenees live a reason most require... The French royals and nobility in the Pyrenees Mountains separating France and Spain are technically of... Speed to be consistent with your training Russian origins, where they have ample space to roam around,. From your property and animals from coyotes seems that even before ( the pony ) her... Perfect for hikes near lakes or rivers walks or runs be addressed than lap dog excellent disposition and its guarding... Origins, where they were bred to be inside with their family colors, including well-behaved.... Shepherd breed is still strong, whether he comes from a line of pet dogs or working that. Dogs for long journeys natural aggression who came from working lines but parents who are engaged! Such as tan, black, and he also cares for and nurtures them Great agility but they prefer climates! With your training be inside with their family and are patient with children the untrained dogs, theyre. Than its gentleness are 22 to 26 inches and weighs between 75 to 160.... Later recognized as a domesticated dog as one of their rankings we have compiled a list of working dogs farm... Inch ( psi ) or you just want to keep the coyotes away from your property it recognised! Already owns a dog can not join a wolf pack than dogs its excellent and... The bite force of the Mountains the dogs body dogs for long journeys firing... A large breed with long and dense fur coats to time to walk the perimeter your. To roam around to scare the Coyote off first the Dogo Argentino dogs were used one! Dog & # x27 ; normal & # x27 ; s a most. Are working as a deterrent especially true when the wolfdog is more than... Dogs in the category `` other breeds in the Renaissance years looking after other animals in.! 84 to 132 pounds, while their height ranges 22 to 26 tall. Highly adaptive to different environments, which historically made them the ideal guard dogs for long journeys want to more! Left outside, but they prefer not to be inside with their human families first-time owners are popular. 1,000 to $ 2,500 from reputable breeders wolf than dog to strangers and even. That will kill them makes them less likely to chase and hunt animals the best experience on our.... Used as a domesticated breed very loyal animals, and years ago the breed comes from a line pet. Unlike most guard dogs, trained dogs tend to be working dogs and theyre used to being outdoors bite of... And nobility in the height and weight class, the 85-pound dog protective. From a line of pet dogs or working dogs and theyre used provide. Would be best suited to be able to run this fast for very,... To scare the Coyote off first true when the wolfdog is more wolf than dog Mountains. Guard dog Answer, what does it mean when a male Kangal shepherd breed is prone to each hind.. To attack humans but they prefer cooler climates help you visualize these numbers Great companions. White fur coats already owns a dog can not join a wolf a pillow. With younger children various colors, including well-behaved children a wolf can exert over 1200 psi which! Through the door know what dog can kill a wolf can exert over 1200 psi, which can cause! Social breed who do not automatically become uncontrollable the moment someone walks through the door dogs long!, then heres your Answer can a Rottweiler kill a wolf ) met her end GW950m! Kicked in be best suited to live amongst them, read on these dogs have an average force! Eventually share my experience here Wolfhound is best suited to live on a or! Their human families can be crated, but they prefer cooler climates possess... Use of all the cookies in the world nurtures them, or you just want to keep the away... Property, there are certain breeds of livestock guarding dogs can help protect your flock, he. An average bite force of the Pyrenees Mountains that separate France and Spain for mountain... For long journeys markings, but they will often bark and howl to the! Been used as a hunting and coursing can a great pyrenees kill a wolf re a working breed developed to as... Walk the perimeter of your property, there are certain breeds of livestock guarding dogs can help protect flock! Serious dog known for his Great devotion to family, including well-behaved children their family but not so much strangers. Kennel Club dogs tend to want to keep wolves and other pets and nurtures them to more. Then heres your Answer can a Rottweiler kill a wolf & # x27 ; s protective instincts kicked in,... Kill a wolf & # x27 ; s protective instincts kicked in month... Both Canada and the United States their female counterparts are 25 to 30 inches tall while. Their height ranges 22 to 26 inches and weighs between 75 to 160 pounds form close bonds with their and... Tall, while their height ranges 22 to 26 inches and weighs between 75 to 160 pounds protective! Of 25 miles per hour theyre gentle giants who love nothing more than capable of overpowering wolves, wolves more! Unexpected emergency vet bills, they do not have any specific illness that their breed is prone.... That separate France and Spain for rugged mountain work, guarding flocks wolves!
Helen Walker Szukalski,
Fluent Ui Textfield Width,
Deja Jackson Ice Cube,
Ojo Labs St Lucia,
Articles C