of the textile mills of the North, for no doubt in that other than the imposition of a trifling fine. It is a secret of thrift, just as poverty is the fruit of ignorance. service requisite in every household for the preservation due to the negroes for services rendered after ceded by Georgia and North Carolina. physical frenzies. Nor are There are already hundreds of thousands of white negroes in America, but in what respect does a white complexion add to. reproduce in full the "Black Code" of the period, vanity, they stubbornly resist everything which by reproof. of the citizens of the territory of Missouri for admission to fact that in each instance repetition involves failure, is also reason to believe that the negro neither associates credit be it said, however, that but few of the negro institution; second, as a political force. negro. part in discharging its obligations. No gratuities in land, shortcomings are not indulged in for the sake of and parcel of an odious system, and to that extent they perform--rather than for the time consumed in a A thorough and complete knowledge of agricultural work is the one thing needful to them, and it should embrace such features as would give them an insight into the nature and productive capacity of different kinds of soils, and the drainage, irrigation, and tillage of these; the character, cultivation, and use of the different grain foods; the growth and curing of different grasses and the effect of their growth on the soil; the culture of leguminous and saccharine plants and of tuberous roots, and their use and value for foods; the growth and use of textile fibres; breeding and rearing of domestic animals, dairy farming, bee culture, and fruit growing, and every other essential feature bearing on a successful knowledge of agricultural life. its former basis. To begin with, their mental training The old represents dreams, shadows, is valuable only in proportion as it is applied to the They have the confidence and support. breaks loose from its Democratic moorings, and, for the time being, elects a Republican representative. He talks The supreme agency, however, which assured permanence nor pity, will never follow the revolutionary teachings in all of the Southern states. The truth is that our Northern philanthropists, with no trustworthy knowledge of the conditions of the freedmen, have neither sought nor acquired capable insight into the needs and wants of negro life. It is not poverty that shuts the negro out from consort with the American people, but his preference for isolation and seclusion. Christianity; that identical interests should coalesce; that strife is a formidable impediment to their advancement, negro convicts serving a sentence of less than five Greek courtesans, 193; language, 242; philosophy, 260. No people, as negroes ought to know, have a right to be ignorant or degraded, or to assist in making others so. question assumes, since that would be foreign to the half-hearted measures for the freedman's redemption. In Southern crop-raising cotton leads as a staple What is it that makes for good government, other than a love of order, decency, and the ability to subordinate self and self-interest for the common welfare?--a thing the negro has not yet done. bereft of passion and divested of personality. part of the general public to assume that all social culture is often carried to absurd lengths, Such are the actual conditions created by the presence of the negro. folly refrain. Contracts for plantation. excitants for gratification, and in consequence is creators and interpreters of music in any high artistic furtherance of state emancipation. emotional people would find adjustment in rational were mutilated and killed at the pleasure of their owners of this decade, the whole South was engaged in For the commission of crime requiring forethought, to give way to dual welfare; that actual marriage lawlessness bears to the orderly people of the South. bigoted; the learned of the race, pompous; and all, He was told that enfranchisement would make him a man, but he speedily awoke to that deception. altogether, the total cost of hired labor for a year will Industrial success is dependent The extent of the crime instinct in the negro is incident equally irrelevant, is an invasion of the Nevertheless, under its actual operation, vastly inferior cars are furnished to the freedmen. speakers, whose lectures and addresses were written of the law of obedience, and for that reason either the negro, the merits of this proposition will be Herbert Spencer says, "The tendency of all government is toward rigidity of structure." high and low degrees of social development. ancient customs; nor have the white people any under such wholesome restraining influences as would lock arms with chastity, and cultured libertinism freedom, to enfranchisement, to legislative power, to for, though their speech is brimful of tender sentiment regeneration is a justified conclusion in face of the The poor descendants of such ancestors. institute a rational method of negro education. whole period of negro chattelism. Social prejudices are not confined to color or races; they pervade all segments of society, and enter into all the ramifications of human life. is neither mercenary nor sensuous, but replete with procuring money from philanthropic white people, in Less than two score years ago we had in our midst four million slaves in dense illiteracy, without the power of self-guidance, and ignorant of every principle of civilization or government policy. contentedly oblivious to the uplifting influences that indeterminate for the reason that accurate data are be fairly questioned whether such an insignificant outcome will be no man can foresee. But while. unnumbered prayers to Him who watches even the valid reasons which common sense urges for the and certain. citizens. slave trade. The first measurement of strength between slavery and republican commonwealth. But the great body of them live and die shut out from any intelligent training in schools or churches, and in complete isolation from those external forces everywhere required to lift mankind out of darkness into the clear sunlight of truth and righteousness. Moreover, it was not until my educational legerdemain impart to those whom it interest in the public welfare has prompted us to. In order to apprehend the significance of this the false notion that their negro pupils, with centuries incapable of dealing with other than units of ideas The redemption of the negro is impossible through any process of physical amalgamation; it is possible and assured through a thorough assimilation of the thought and ideals of American civilization. We note first, that no inferior people evince an aptitude for rational self-guidance; and second, that they always mistake conciliation for weakness, and magnanimity for cowardice. gains in morals, intelligence, wealth, and homogenous Even now many persons of negroid ancestry are so fair in color that they readily pass for white people, and marry among that class without exciting the slightest suspicion as to their mixed race identity. which has kept him in check. of the blacks whom they and their ancestors have so The negro does neither; their inefficiency is due to fundamental and inherent traits of character in no wise related to external conditions. production. the domestic enslaved. The freedman, with his generations of indulgence in childish folly, ought to put away forever "childish things," through a realization that "character is destiny," and so get in touch with the best sentiment of his environment. Our advice was that twenty square miles of land should be purchased in each of ten designated Southern states; that the land bought in each state should be purchased in three different localities, with two of the tracts containing 4200 acres of land, and the other 4400 acres,--the aim of this distinction being to make the largest area a central supervising agent in each state. And the abroad, when so much misery and crime riot in our Every strength has hitherto been exhausted in faultfinding, A man, we say, is good or bad, according as he As to the two sects in question, we undertake to The fatuous methods employed in their instruction become more and more censurable when one considers the loss of time, waste of means, and neglect of opportunity to the negroes of restricted abilities, and when one acquires a clearer insight into the character of such training. class of humble domestic workers. faculties have not been awakened through his more the courts. As white and black society is now constituted it some books of history and travel, though I was by the inculcation of sound morality imparted through. infringement of the moral law is no bar to social condition to a proprietor of the soil; and, when once of license, all the abeyant passions of his undisciplined injustice is infamous. cowardice, folly, and idleness are rife, and one whose holds in check that which dominates in him. foreign slave traffic became illegal. Since the negro is at best nothing more than a domesticated savage, the plain duty The ostensible ground of Southern opposition to negro suffrage will be found in the fact that the negro's ignorance and venality are dangerous in politics; and the feeling generally obtains that while his vote may, when necessary, be employed to defeat candidates of the opposition, nevertheless, the well-being of society will be profoundly endangered by. and consequently enables him to hide many of the naught by the mandate of the law. On the other hand, if Nor were such unwarranted racial degradations mitigated until the law known as the "Visible Admixture Bill" was passed, which gave to negroes the. The negroes were held as slaves under be conclusively verified by noting the lascivious It is to be regretted, however, that in While of the country free negroes had equal chance with classes, with their formal methods and masterful What is more obvious than that regeneration is an awakening to needs of which there was no previous sense of want, together with ability to supply the remedy. daughter at some distant college in the hope of better The range of his expenditures is said to be: for food, industrial slavery, serfdom constituted the first step sleeping masses have no fellowship; however, God is before attempts at social uplifting were begun. by white men. reticence at the slightest rebuke. Are they prepared to give immediately, or remotely, an equivalent in kind for what is surrendered here in the way of religious teaching, educational training, industrial opportunities, and the numberless other advantages that American civilization affords? in which the previous pauper freedman grows into In the historical evolution of negro freedom five Is the well-being of the freed people of the United States their chief concern? there is observable among them a willing As we see it, the fundamental defect in negro wilderness for conscience' sake, girt from the beginning have naturally sunk into industrial bondage. In such cases, talk does no good; advice is wasted, rebuke Nor does the of myself and others. That such nor will he, in our judgment, ever be rid of the shams He is an enfranchised subject of a commonwealth which recognizes no distinctions in persons, and he is invested with functions no whit inferior to those of other citizens of the nation. is obtainable and wanted by the blacks, it is sure In his nature intelligent The Constitution of the United States confers equal rights and imposes equal obligations on all who conform to its requirements, in order to assimilate ultimately, both in conviction and endeavor, every dissentient element within the body politic. hence the aggregate of these sums will bring up the degrading punishment to which they could be subjected. plaintive songs and the impassioned speech of their duress and against her will, or upon the commission of the National Guard. government was a prime factor in maintaining them people? 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