As well as sugar, silks and spices, Persian and Ottoman rugs and carpets covered Elizabethan interiors. Think uniform you will remember what this Act did if you remember that it is about unifying religious practice. Thus Elizabeth is in charge would not have gone down well in the male-dominated society. The religious settlement of Elizabeth I, proposed an improved version of Anglicanism, in two Acts of the Parliament of England. England was divided between Protestants and Catholics. This appeased Catholics and Puritans who were uncomfortable with the monarch as head of religion as well as head of state. It was a defeat for the Queen's legislative programme, so she withheld royal assent. In 1560, Bishop Grindal was allowed to enforce the demolition of rood lofts in London. Like the Puritans, Andrewes engaged in his own brand of nonconformity. What key changes to religion did the Religious Settlement introduce? John Calvin, an influential Continental reformer, had called Henry VIII's claim to supreme headship blasphemy. Women were considered inferior in matters of religion and spirituality. BBC BItesize: Elizabeth I revision. The church was responsible to a great extent to ensure that the Act was being implemented. The Act of Supremacy and Uniformity declared Queen Elizabeth as the absolute governor of England as well as re-established Protestantism. P-The Religious settlement was successful because there was much about it that was acceptable to most Catholics. This Act made Elizabeth who was the daughter of King Henry and Anne Boleyn a legal heir to his throne. [94] Rather, the Admonition's authors believed that presbyterianism was the only biblical form of church government, whereas Whitgift argued that no single form of church government was commanded in the Bible. All the prayer books of Edward VI were integrated into one book. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. This is a really big issue for GCSE and you should be familiar with both the settlement and the consequences of it.If you like my content and would like to support me in getting better equipment and software and in having more time to create these videos please consider buying me a latte (3 sugars please!) ELIZABETH I TOPIC MAP (Knowledge Checklist) PDF Sheet to print for the game. However, under the rule of Elizabeth, she was given the title and position of the Supreme Governor of the Church in England. [111] Puritans became dissenters. The official established state religion is the Church of England. [108], During the reign of Charles I, the Arminians were ascendant and closely associated with William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (16331645). In 1571, the Thirty-Nine Articles were adopted as a confessional statement for the church, and a Book of Homilies was issued outlining the church's reformed theology in greater detail. Englands trade with Turkey, Morocco and Persia (which continued intermittently throughout this period) transformed the domestic economy of Elizabethan England, from what people ate to what they wore and even what they said. This may be because Elizabeth I could reign over England for about 40 years and Mary I had just 5 years to rule. They were implemented in the Act of Uniformity and the Act of Supremacy of 1559. Created: Jul 18, 2017. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (, The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the, , but not a spiritual authority. The visitation was conducted according to injunctions based on the Royal Injunctions of 1547. [68][69][70] Efforts to introduce further religious reforms through Parliament or by means of Convocation were consistently blocked by the Queen. Turbocharge your history revision with our revolutionary new app! The 1549 prayer book required clergy to wear the alb, cope and chasuble. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. [85], There were objections over the prayer book, including certain formulas and responses, the sign of the cross in baptism, the surplice and use of a wedding ring in marriage. Elizabeth had to find a compromise. Elizabeths tolerant approach seemed to have worked on the whole, but it did not keep everyone happy and she faced numerous threats. There was a strict prohibition of foreign leadership in the English church, so denying Elizabeths position in the Church was considered, There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. You are among the most enthusiastic, motivated an professional suppliers that I worked with. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and Parliament conferred on Elizabeth the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. In addition to the English College at Douai, a seminary was established at Rome and two more established in Spain. Once Whitgift had destroyed presbyterian activism, he was content to leave the Puritans alone. All members of the church had to take the oath od supremacy if they wanted to maintain their post. They looked to the Church Fathers rather than the Reformers and preferred using the more traditional 1549 prayer book. Likewise, Elizabethan Puritans abandoned the hopeless cause of presbyterianism to focus on less controversial pursuits. [12] She also kept many of her religious views private, which can make it difficult to determine what she believed. [28], The alternative title was less offensive to Catholic members of Parliament, but this was unlikely to have been the only reason for the alteration. Those who refused to attend Church of England services were called recusants. [119], Last edited on 29 November 2022, at 15:47, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women, History of the Puritans under Queen Elizabeth I, A View of Popish Abuses yet remaining in the English Church, "Music and Reform in France, England, and Scotland", Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia, Documents Illustrative of English Church History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement&oldid=1124606863, This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 15:47. [103][104] James, however, did the opposite, forcing the Scottish Church to accept bishops and the Five Articles of Perth, all attempts to make it as similar as possible to the English Church. Almost 80,000 priests and clergy did so. The bishops struggled for decades to impose the prayer book and Injunctions on reluctant parishes. Without priests, these social classes drifted into the Church of England and Catholicism was forgotten. Browse these study & revision resources covering Early Elizabethan England 1558-1588 for the Edexcel GCSE History option (B4). Life in Elizabethan England 7: Religion Religion Everyone has one. [61] By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was Thomas Sternhold's Whole book of Psalms. In effect, Elizabeth was declaring that she did not believe in the doctrine of transubstantiation. Elizabeths first act as the Queen was restoring Protestantism as the official religion. The Thirty-nine Articles were not intended as a complete statement of the Christian faith but of the position of the Church of England in relation to the Catholic Church and dissident Protestants. [100], In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the prayer book with the service book used in Geneva. Religion in Elizabethan England. [15] At Westminster Abbeystill a Benedictine monasterythe Queen disapproved of what she considered Catholic superstition, telling the monks bearing candles in procession, "Away with those torches, for we see very well". However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of vestments. Elizabeth offered a middle way compromise. Many fled for their own safety to Protestant states in Europe. [77] In 1562, the Council of Trent ruled out any outward conformity or Nicodemism for Catholics: "You may not be present at such prayers of heretics, or at their sermons, without heinous offence and the indignation of God, and it is far better to suffer most bitter cruelties than to give the least sign of consent to such wicked and abominable rites. The Church of England's refusal to adopt the patterns of the Continental Reformed churches deepened conflict between Protestants who desired greater reforms and church authorities who prioritised conformity. This appeased Catholics and Puritans who were uncomfortable with the monarch as head of religion as well as head of state. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of vestments. However, it failed to make everyone happy. 28.9K subscribers Elizabeth I immediately created her religious settlement after coming to the throne. Author: Created by HistoryTeacherToday. While the prayer book directed the use of ordinary bread for communion, the Injunctions required traditional wafers to be used. The Act of Uniformity was the most important part of the Elizabethan Settlement of Religion. Opposition came not only from Catholics, but also from more extreme Protestants, known as Puritans, who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. The papal bull Regnans in Excelsis released Elizabeth's Catholic subjects from any obligation to obey her. In 1559 she passed two laws: This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church, taking power away from the Catholic Pope in Rome. Thus, the Elizabethan Religious Settlement is also called an Elizabethan Settlement of 1559. The Act of Supremacy passed by the Parliament of England is significant because it declared the English monarch as the head of the church. Her government's goal was to resurrect the Edwardian reforms, reinstating the Royal Injunctions of 1547, the 1552 Book of Common Prayer, and the Forty-two Articles of Religion of 1553. BY DAVID ROSS, EDITOR. This made Protestantism Englands official faith and also set out rules of religious practice and worship in a revised prayer book. To try to bring together these different groups and ease religious tensions, Elizabeth came up with what became known as the Religious Settlement. HOMEWORK Who was Mary Queen of Scots? [112], The Church of England was fundamentally changed. You can go into more details about her reign in the Timeline of Queen Elizabeth the First. [62] Although it was not legally required, it was traditional for virtually all Protestant churches and was also used at home. [36] When communicants received the bread, they would hear the words, "The body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life [1549]. In 1645, the prayer book was made illegal and replaced by the Directory for Public Worship. The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor period of the history of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (15581603). The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was contained in two acts - the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity. Clever Lili is here to help you ace your exams. After the Restoration in 1660, the Settlement was restored, and the Puritans were forced out of the Church of England. Their property would then belong to the king. [4] The doctrines of purgatory, prayer for the dead and the intercession of saints were also rejected during this time. Read about our approach to external linking. [84], Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the Reformed churches of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as John Calvin, Heinrich Bullinger and others. Large numbers of deans, archdeacons, cathedral canons, and academics (mostly from Oxford but also from Cambridge) lost their positions. [8] The veneration of religious images (icons, roods, statues) and relics were suppressed,[9] and iconoclasm was sanctioned by the government. Although most people were able to sing, worship was dominated by choral liturgies, especially in the cathedrals. When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between Catholics and Protestants as a result of various religious changes initiated by Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Henry VIII had broken from the Roman Catholic Church and the authority of the pope, becoming Supreme Head of the Church of England. Within the Church of England, a Calvinist consensus developed among leading churchmen. England prospered in culture and religion as well as establishing itself as a world power, all during Elizabethan times. [97] The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government. More than anything, English Catholics still . Elizabeth offered a middle way compromise. [90], In 1572, a bill was introduced in the Queen's 4th Parliament that would allow Protestants, with their bishop's permission, to omit ceremonies from the 1559 prayer book, and bishops would be further empowered to license clergymen to use the French and Dutch stranger church liturgies. However, the act was passed by just 3 votes. Anglicans started to define their Church as a via media or middle way between the religious extremes of Catholicism and Protestantism; Arminianism and Calvinism; and high church and low church. After Elizabeth's death, the Puritans were challenged by a high church, Arminian party that gained power during the reign of Charles I. [93] It called for the church to be organised according to presbyterian polity. The early rule of Queen Elizabeth I - AQA, Challenges to the rule of Queen Elizabeth I - AQA, The Elizabethans - exam preparation - AQA, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). what is a group of centaurs, called; quotes from black lightning. The bishops, however, did not accept this and most of them had to step down. His rise to power has been identified with a "conservative reaction" against Puritanism. Find out why Lesson 1 Why did Elizabeth's background and character impact on her early reign? [85] In England, however, Protestants were forced to operate within a church structure unchanged since medieval times with the same threefold orders of bishop, priest and deacon along with church courts that continued to use medieval canon law. Examples of permissible music included metrical psalms and liturgical texts such as the Te Deum. A lot of Catholics did not accept it, along with some puritans who refused to make any compromises with the Catholics. [96], In 1577, Whitgift was made Bishop of Worcester and six years later Archbishop of Canterbury. [56] Parish churches tended to have less music as Puritan influences argued against using of funds to pay for choristers. It helped in establishing set rules for worship. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. "[78] By the late 1560s, recusancy was becoming more common. The introduction of this essay needs to clearly define the settlement as both the acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, and including the 39 Articles of Faith. [30], The Ornaments Rubric was added as one of the concessions to traditionalists in order to gain passage in the Lords. The debts run up by the spendthrift Henry meant that the country verged on bankruptcy. Elizabethan Architecture in England 1550-1625. When Elizabeth I came to power in 1558 she was faced with a divided England. The Elizabethan Settlement was religious legislation passed from 1559 to 1571 that intended to provide a compromise between English Catholics and Protestants. Most of the other posts went to Marian exiles such as Edmund Grindal for London, Richard Cox for Ely, John Jewel for Salisbury, William Barlow for Chichester and John Scory for Hereford. In October 1559, she ordered that a crucifix and candlesticks be placed on the communion table in the Chapel Royal. In the end, the Queen and the bishops reached an unspoken compromise. The house then became a private dwelling, and Ralph Assheton adapted it to make an Elizabethan manor house. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (Protestant) and her sister Mary I (Catholic). [40] These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. Any person holding a public office or church office in England had to take the oath of supremacy pledging allegiance to the English monarch and recognizing her as the absolute governor of the Church of England. Same period: some extreme Protestants were disappointed by the religious settlement because think that the religious changes are not extreme enough. [34][35] Opposition to the so-called "popish wardrobe" made it impossible to enforce the rubric. This petition for church reform was referred to the Hampton Court Conference of 1604, which agreed to produce a new version of the Book of Common Prayer that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. [59] The impressment of boys for service as singers in St. Paul's Cathedral and the royal chapel continued during this period. Twenty bishops (all Roman Catholics)[22] sat in the House of Lords as Lords Spiritual, and the Lords in general were opposed to change. The further reformation gave more control and powers to Henry over and above the church. Some modifications were made to appeal to Catholics and Lutherans, including giving individuals greater latitude concerning belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist and permission to use traditional priestly vestments. Subsequently, two Catholics, John Felton and John Story, were executed for treason. [27], Another bill introduced to the same Parliament with the intent to return Protestant practices to legal dominance was the Uniformity bill, which sought to restore the 1552 prayer book as the official liturgy. During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a Reformed theology and liturgy. [107], The Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 allowed for the restoration of the Elizabethan Settlement as well. 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